The Easy Way to Make Fresh Corn Tortillas at Home (click on title to read full article)
DANIEL GRITZER
I spend a disproportionately large amount of time pondering the seemingly improbable origins of some of the world's most important foods. What were the chances, for instance, that anyone ever managed to figure out that soybeans could be dried, boiled, puréed, strained into a milk, and then coagulated with sea salts to make tofu? Or that grains and fruit could be left to basically rot, then boiled in a closed system designed to trap invisible alcohol vapor, condensed in a cooling tube, and the liquid harvested for use as an extra-strong intoxicant?
Perhaps the one that fills me with the most awe is the discovery of the nixtamalization of corn by Meso-Americans thousands of years ago. The process involves cooking and soaking dried corn kernels with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or another alkali, which removes much of the grain's bran, significantly increases the availability of niacin in the corn, and delivers other nutritional benefits. How they ever figured out that they needed to cook the corn with cal, as lime is called in Spanish, is beyond me, given that they didn't know anything about niacin, the consequences of not eating enough of it, or how their staple grain, corn, was involved. It's a good thing they did, though, because their health hinged on it.
It was also a good thing gastronomically, because nixtamalization changes the flavor of corn in amazing ways, and, by removing the bran, makes it much easier to grind and form the corn into a dough—especially in ancient times, when this was all done by hand. The result: a corn dough, called masa in Spanish, that's responsible for much of the Mexican food we love today, from tacos to tamales, quesadillas to sopes, and gorditas to atoles.
Tacos, of course, require tortillas, but, more importantly, good tacos require good tortillas. We can take that a step further and conclude that great tacos need great tortillas. This simple fact haunts me daily, since I live in a neighborhood with a huge Mexican population and not a single good tortilla...which means not a single good taco.
Masa harina, dehydrated nixtamalized corn flour, is a convenience product that can be mixed with water and formed into tortillas. These are much better than most store-bought tortilla options, but not as good as those made with freshly nixtamalized corn.
The single hardest thing about making fresh tortillas at home is getting the two main ingredients: dried corn and lime. And even that isn't too hard. For the corn, you want to track down dried dent or field corn, which is starchy, not sweet. (Sweet corn and popping corn will not work.) There are more varieties of this kind of corn than I can keep track of and test, but, from everything I've read, just about any of it should be good, whether it's white, yellow, or blue.
For the slaked lime, I think your best bet is to grab a bag of pickling lime, which is widely available online and at some retailers. You could also try to find cal at Mexican markets, which is essentially the same stuff. Whatever you get, just make sure it's food-grade slaked lime and not lime for nonedible industrial applications.
Homemade Tortillas: Step by Step: Simmer, Steep, Then Wash
The day before you want to make your tortillas, combine the dried corn with water and cal in a nonreactive (i.e., stainless steel or enameled) pot. I've been using a ratio of 1.5:100:300 by weight for the lime, corn, and water, so, for 1,000 grams of corn (1 kilogram), I add 15 grams of the lime and 3 kilos of water, and it's worked well.
Doing this all by weight is, I think, the surest way to go, especially for the lime, which can have different densities depending on the form it comes in (sometimes it's powdered, sometimes caked). Because the lime is weighed in such small quantities, you'll also want to make sure you have a kitchen scale that's sensitive enough to register it.
Bring the water to a simmer, and cook it until the corn has lost its raw edge but still has a tiny starchy core—you can tell by pulling apart a kernel and looking inside, as in the photo below. The key is that the starchy corn be mostly hydrated and tenderized, but not so soft as to be totally cooked through. Exactly how long this will take is impossible to say, since different varieties of corn will take different amounts of time, but to give you an idea, mine took about 45 minutes. You want the corn to remain submerged, so top it up with more water if needed.
When the corn is ready, cover the pot and let it steep at room temperature overnight. The next day, the bran on the corn should slip off easily.
After you simmer and steep the corn with slaked lime, its bran should rub off each kernel easily; the inside should be mostly cooked, with just a trace of raw starchiness at its core.
Dump the corn into a colander and rub it between your hands while running cold water over it. The idea is to remove much of (though not necessarily all) the bran. The corn should quickly take on a lighter shade as the bran comes off.
Grind
Now transfer your nixtamalized corn to a food processor and turn it on. Add cold water, little by little, to loosen the mixture and help the blades process the corn. Scrape down the sides of the processor bowl, and keep going until you have a purée that's the consistency of hummus, with no big corn chunks. This can take about 10 minutes, and you will likely have to add a fair amount of water to get there, though just how long it'll take and how much water you'll need will depend on your corn and your processor.
At this point, you have masa, but it's too wet to make tortillas. Scrape it out into a mixing bowl.
Adjust Consistency
Here's where that bag of masa harina comes in: You're going to add just enough to absorb the extra water and bring the consistency of the masa back to where it should be, which is about the texture of Play-Doh. Sure, it's a small cheat to work a convenience product like masa harina into the otherwise from-scratch dough, but it produces excellent results, with a pure, fresh nixtamal flavor—all without requiring specialized equipment.
One good test I learned from Rothman and Stupak's book is to squeeze a small ball of the masa: If the edges crack as you squeeze, it's too dry. If that's the case (meaning you used too much masa harina), add more water, or you can add more masa harina if it's too wet.
Form Tortillas and Cook
With the masa just where you want it, it's time to press and cook the tortillas.
Start by cutting two sides plus the zipper-top off a large zipper-lock bag so that only one side is attached. You'll use this to line your tortilla press and prevent the masa from sticking to the metal.
Then roll the masa into balls about the size of golf balls, and flatten each one slightly. One at a time, set the portioned masa between the sheets of plastic and press it flat. There's some art to getting the pressing right. If you press too hard, the edges of your tortillas will be too thin. Don't press hard enough, and they'll be too thick. Aim for somewhere around a millimeter in thickness, or just a little thinner. Tortilla presses don't often press the tortilla evenly, so I find that it's best to press once, then turn the plastic 180 degrees and press again to even the circle out.
Carefully peel the masa round from the plastic and place it on a preheated griddle or cast iron pan. You want the surface hot but not blistering, and seasoned but not wet with oil. If the cooking surface starts to dry out during the cooking process and causes the masa to stick, just rub the griddle or skillet with a paper towel that's lightly moistened with oil, making sure to buff out any wet sheen.
The tortilla will usually puff up and even brown in spots as it cooks. That's all fine; just turn it with a thin spatula to cook both sides. You can also flip it repeatedly until it's done. Done, in this case, means that the surfaces are dry, maybe lightly browned, but the center still has some moisture and elasticity. What you don't want are tortillas that have dried into crackers: They should be pliable and foldable.
Transfer them as they're done to a towel or tortilla holder that you can keep wrapped around them to trap steam and heat. Cold, dry tortillas are the worst, so you want to delay that eventuality as long as possible.
Ingredients
1.
In a medium pot, combine corn and water; pick out any stones that may be hiding among the corn kernels. Add pickling lime and set over medium heat. Bring to a simmer, adjusting heat to maintain simmer. Cook until corn is tenderized but not overly soft, about 45 minutes. (You can chew a kernel up to test, or break one open: It's done when the kernel looks mostly hydrated but still has a tiny core of visible starchiness.) The timing can vary based on corn type, so start checking at 30 minutes and continue cooking beyond 45 minutes if it's still too raw. Top up with water as needed to keep corn submerged.
2.
Remove from heat, cover pot, and let corn stand at room temperature overnight. The bran on the corn should now rub off easily. Drain corn in a colander, set under running cold water, and rub kernels vigorously between hands to remove most of the bran; corn should turn a brighter shade as bran comes off. Allow to drain well, then transfer corn to a food processor.
3.
Process corn at high speed, adding as much water as you need, little by little, to help the blades process the corn, about 10 minutes; scrape down the sides of the bowl at least a few times during processing. The dough is ready when no large corn chunks remain and the purée has the texture of a thick hummus.
4.
Scrape corn dough into a mixing bowl and add masa harina, little by little, working it in with your hands, until corn dough has the texture of Play-Doh: soft and supple, but not wet. To test texture, roll a small ball of dough between your hands, then press it between your fingers: If the edges crack, it's too dry, but if it sticks to your skin, it's too wet. Work in more water or masa harina, little by little, until you hit that sweet spot.
5.
Cut 2 sides plus the zipper-top off of a zipper-lock bag, leaving it attached on only 1 side; line tortilla press with the plastic and trim to fit. Preheat well-seasoned griddle or cast iron skillet over medium-high heat. Working with one piece at a time, roll a portion of corn dough into a golf ball–sized ball, then flatten slightly. Set portioned corn dough between the sheets of plastic, then press flat using the tortilla press. Try not to press so hard that the tortilla edge becomes too thin; about 1mm in thickness or slightly less is what you want. Rotate plastic 180 degrees and press again to ensure even thickness.
6.
Carefully peel tortilla from plastic and place in preheated skillet. Cook until bottom side is dried, about 30 seconds, then flip using a thin metal spatula and cook other side until dried, about 30 seconds longer; tortilla may puff up and brown lightly in spots, which is fine. Adjust heat as necessary to prevent scorching. (If tortillas start to stick to griddle or skillet, rub cooking surface with a paper towel lightly moistened with vegetable oil, then buff away any excess oiliness.)
7.
Stack tortillas as they are done, keeping them wrapped in a clean kitchen towel or tortilla holder to trap heat and steam. Serve immediately.
DANIEL GRITZER
I spend a disproportionately large amount of time pondering the seemingly improbable origins of some of the world's most important foods. What were the chances, for instance, that anyone ever managed to figure out that soybeans could be dried, boiled, puréed, strained into a milk, and then coagulated with sea salts to make tofu? Or that grains and fruit could be left to basically rot, then boiled in a closed system designed to trap invisible alcohol vapor, condensed in a cooling tube, and the liquid harvested for use as an extra-strong intoxicant?
Perhaps the one that fills me with the most awe is the discovery of the nixtamalization of corn by Meso-Americans thousands of years ago. The process involves cooking and soaking dried corn kernels with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or another alkali, which removes much of the grain's bran, significantly increases the availability of niacin in the corn, and delivers other nutritional benefits. How they ever figured out that they needed to cook the corn with cal, as lime is called in Spanish, is beyond me, given that they didn't know anything about niacin, the consequences of not eating enough of it, or how their staple grain, corn, was involved. It's a good thing they did, though, because their health hinged on it.
It was also a good thing gastronomically, because nixtamalization changes the flavor of corn in amazing ways, and, by removing the bran, makes it much easier to grind and form the corn into a dough—especially in ancient times, when this was all done by hand. The result: a corn dough, called masa in Spanish, that's responsible for much of the Mexican food we love today, from tacos to tamales, quesadillas to sopes, and gorditas to atoles.
Tacos, of course, require tortillas, but, more importantly, good tacos require good tortillas. We can take that a step further and conclude that great tacos need great tortillas. This simple fact haunts me daily, since I live in a neighborhood with a huge Mexican population and not a single good tortilla...which means not a single good taco.
Masa harina, dehydrated nixtamalized corn flour, is a convenience product that can be mixed with water and formed into tortillas. These are much better than most store-bought tortilla options, but not as good as those made with freshly nixtamalized corn.
The single hardest thing about making fresh tortillas at home is getting the two main ingredients: dried corn and lime. And even that isn't too hard. For the corn, you want to track down dried dent or field corn, which is starchy, not sweet. (Sweet corn and popping corn will not work.) There are more varieties of this kind of corn than I can keep track of and test, but, from everything I've read, just about any of it should be good, whether it's white, yellow, or blue.
For the slaked lime, I think your best bet is to grab a bag of pickling lime, which is widely available online and at some retailers. You could also try to find cal at Mexican markets, which is essentially the same stuff. Whatever you get, just make sure it's food-grade slaked lime and not lime for nonedible industrial applications.
Homemade Tortillas: Step by Step: Simmer, Steep, Then Wash
The day before you want to make your tortillas, combine the dried corn with water and cal in a nonreactive (i.e., stainless steel or enameled) pot. I've been using a ratio of 1.5:100:300 by weight for the lime, corn, and water, so, for 1,000 grams of corn (1 kilogram), I add 15 grams of the lime and 3 kilos of water, and it's worked well.
Doing this all by weight is, I think, the surest way to go, especially for the lime, which can have different densities depending on the form it comes in (sometimes it's powdered, sometimes caked). Because the lime is weighed in such small quantities, you'll also want to make sure you have a kitchen scale that's sensitive enough to register it.
Bring the water to a simmer, and cook it until the corn has lost its raw edge but still has a tiny starchy core—you can tell by pulling apart a kernel and looking inside, as in the photo below. The key is that the starchy corn be mostly hydrated and tenderized, but not so soft as to be totally cooked through. Exactly how long this will take is impossible to say, since different varieties of corn will take different amounts of time, but to give you an idea, mine took about 45 minutes. You want the corn to remain submerged, so top it up with more water if needed.
When the corn is ready, cover the pot and let it steep at room temperature overnight. The next day, the bran on the corn should slip off easily.
After you simmer and steep the corn with slaked lime, its bran should rub off each kernel easily; the inside should be mostly cooked, with just a trace of raw starchiness at its core.
Dump the corn into a colander and rub it between your hands while running cold water over it. The idea is to remove much of (though not necessarily all) the bran. The corn should quickly take on a lighter shade as the bran comes off.
Grind
Now transfer your nixtamalized corn to a food processor and turn it on. Add cold water, little by little, to loosen the mixture and help the blades process the corn. Scrape down the sides of the processor bowl, and keep going until you have a purée that's the consistency of hummus, with no big corn chunks. This can take about 10 minutes, and you will likely have to add a fair amount of water to get there, though just how long it'll take and how much water you'll need will depend on your corn and your processor.
At this point, you have masa, but it's too wet to make tortillas. Scrape it out into a mixing bowl.
Adjust Consistency
Here's where that bag of masa harina comes in: You're going to add just enough to absorb the extra water and bring the consistency of the masa back to where it should be, which is about the texture of Play-Doh. Sure, it's a small cheat to work a convenience product like masa harina into the otherwise from-scratch dough, but it produces excellent results, with a pure, fresh nixtamal flavor—all without requiring specialized equipment.
One good test I learned from Rothman and Stupak's book is to squeeze a small ball of the masa: If the edges crack as you squeeze, it's too dry. If that's the case (meaning you used too much masa harina), add more water, or you can add more masa harina if it's too wet.
Form Tortillas and Cook
With the masa just where you want it, it's time to press and cook the tortillas.
Start by cutting two sides plus the zipper-top off a large zipper-lock bag so that only one side is attached. You'll use this to line your tortilla press and prevent the masa from sticking to the metal.
Then roll the masa into balls about the size of golf balls, and flatten each one slightly. One at a time, set the portioned masa between the sheets of plastic and press it flat. There's some art to getting the pressing right. If you press too hard, the edges of your tortillas will be too thin. Don't press hard enough, and they'll be too thick. Aim for somewhere around a millimeter in thickness, or just a little thinner. Tortilla presses don't often press the tortilla evenly, so I find that it's best to press once, then turn the plastic 180 degrees and press again to even the circle out.
Carefully peel the masa round from the plastic and place it on a preheated griddle or cast iron pan. You want the surface hot but not blistering, and seasoned but not wet with oil. If the cooking surface starts to dry out during the cooking process and causes the masa to stick, just rub the griddle or skillet with a paper towel that's lightly moistened with oil, making sure to buff out any wet sheen.
The tortilla will usually puff up and even brown in spots as it cooks. That's all fine; just turn it with a thin spatula to cook both sides. You can also flip it repeatedly until it's done. Done, in this case, means that the surfaces are dry, maybe lightly browned, but the center still has some moisture and elasticity. What you don't want are tortillas that have dried into crackers: They should be pliable and foldable.
Transfer them as they're done to a towel or tortilla holder that you can keep wrapped around them to trap steam and heat. Cold, dry tortillas are the worst, so you want to delay that eventuality as long as possible.
Ingredients
- 200g (7 ounces) dried white, yellow, or blue dent or field corn (see note)
- 600ml (2 1/2 cups) water, plus more as needed
- 3g pickling lime (or other food-grade slaked lime) (see note)
- Masa harina para tortillas, as needed
1.
In a medium pot, combine corn and water; pick out any stones that may be hiding among the corn kernels. Add pickling lime and set over medium heat. Bring to a simmer, adjusting heat to maintain simmer. Cook until corn is tenderized but not overly soft, about 45 minutes. (You can chew a kernel up to test, or break one open: It's done when the kernel looks mostly hydrated but still has a tiny core of visible starchiness.) The timing can vary based on corn type, so start checking at 30 minutes and continue cooking beyond 45 minutes if it's still too raw. Top up with water as needed to keep corn submerged.
2.
Remove from heat, cover pot, and let corn stand at room temperature overnight. The bran on the corn should now rub off easily. Drain corn in a colander, set under running cold water, and rub kernels vigorously between hands to remove most of the bran; corn should turn a brighter shade as bran comes off. Allow to drain well, then transfer corn to a food processor.
3.
Process corn at high speed, adding as much water as you need, little by little, to help the blades process the corn, about 10 minutes; scrape down the sides of the bowl at least a few times during processing. The dough is ready when no large corn chunks remain and the purée has the texture of a thick hummus.
4.
Scrape corn dough into a mixing bowl and add masa harina, little by little, working it in with your hands, until corn dough has the texture of Play-Doh: soft and supple, but not wet. To test texture, roll a small ball of dough between your hands, then press it between your fingers: If the edges crack, it's too dry, but if it sticks to your skin, it's too wet. Work in more water or masa harina, little by little, until you hit that sweet spot.
5.
Cut 2 sides plus the zipper-top off of a zipper-lock bag, leaving it attached on only 1 side; line tortilla press with the plastic and trim to fit. Preheat well-seasoned griddle or cast iron skillet over medium-high heat. Working with one piece at a time, roll a portion of corn dough into a golf ball–sized ball, then flatten slightly. Set portioned corn dough between the sheets of plastic, then press flat using the tortilla press. Try not to press so hard that the tortilla edge becomes too thin; about 1mm in thickness or slightly less is what you want. Rotate plastic 180 degrees and press again to ensure even thickness.
6.
Carefully peel tortilla from plastic and place in preheated skillet. Cook until bottom side is dried, about 30 seconds, then flip using a thin metal spatula and cook other side until dried, about 30 seconds longer; tortilla may puff up and brown lightly in spots, which is fine. Adjust heat as necessary to prevent scorching. (If tortillas start to stick to griddle or skillet, rub cooking surface with a paper towel lightly moistened with vegetable oil, then buff away any excess oiliness.)
7.
Stack tortillas as they are done, keeping them wrapped in a clean kitchen towel or tortilla holder to trap heat and steam. Serve immediately.